http://fuldok.hebis.de:8780/xmlui Das digitale Repositorium erfasst, speichert, erhält, erschließt und verbreitet digitale Forschungsergebnisse. 2026-05-01T18:29:51Z https://fuldok.hebis.de/xmlui/handle/fuldok/855 The Biomedical Securitization Of Global Health Holst, Jens; Pas, Remco van de Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has shifted the course in the global health debate further towards health security and biomedical issues. Even though global health had already played a growing role in the international policy agenda, the pandemic strongly reinforced the interest of the media, the general public and the community in cross-border infectious diseases. This led to a strengthening of the already dominant biomedical understanding of global health and the securitization of health in foreign policy. Methods: This paper critically provides a narrative, iterative review of the health security literature available to date, with a special focus on the development of the currently prevailing concept of health security and the dual trend towards the securitization and biomedicalization of global health. Findings: In a world increasingly determined by power asymmetries, unequal distribution of opportunities and resources, and inadequate governance structures, securitizing health has become a key feature of global governance. Health security is predominantly based on a concept that neglects the global burden of disease determined by non-communicable conditions rather than by infectious diseases. Moreover, it exhibits a trend towards biomedical solutions and neglects root causes of global health crises. Conclusions: As important as health security is, the underlying concept driven by biomedical and technocratic reductionism falls short. It widely neglects the social, economic, political, commercial and environmental determination of health. Beyond improved health care and prevention, health-in-all policies are ultimately required for ensuring health security and reducing one of its main challenges, health inequalities within and between countries. Global health security must first and foremost seek to guarantee the universal right to health and therefore emphasise the social, economic, commercial and political determination of health. 2023-03-04T00:00:00Z https://fuldok.hebis.de/xmlui/handle/fuldok/854 Environmental Health Influences In Pregnancy And Risk Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review Eberle, Claudia; Stichling, Stefanie Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy complications globally. Environmental risk factors may lead to increased glucose levels and GDM, which in turn may affect not only the health of the mother but assuming hypotheses of fetal programming", also the health of the offspring. In addition to traditional GDM risk factors, the evidence is growing that environmental influences might affect the development of GDM. We conducted a systematic review analyzing the association between several environmental health risk factors in pregnancy, including climate factors, chemicals and metals, and GDM. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search in Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Web of Science Core Collection databases for research articles published until March 2021. Epidemiological human and animal model studies that examined GDM as an outcome and / or glycemic outcomes and at least one environmental risk factor for GDM were included. Results: Of n=91 studies, we classified n=28 air pollution, n=18 persistent organic pollutants (POP), n=11 arsenic, n=9 phthalate n=8 bisphenol A (BPA), n=8 seasonality, n=6 cadmium and n=5 ambient temperature studies. In total, we identified two animal model studies. Whilst we found clear evidence for an association between GDM and air pollution, ambient temperature, season, cadmium, arsenic, POPs and phthalates, the findings regarding phenols were rather inconsistent. There were clear associations between adverse glycemic outcomes and air pollution, ambient temperature, season, POPs, phenols, and phthalates. Findings regarding cadmium and arsenic were heterogeneous (n=2 publications in each case). Conclusions: Environmental risk factors are important to consider in the management and prevention of GDM. In view of mechanisms of fetal programming, the environmental risk factors investigated may impair the health of mother and offspring in the short and long term. Further research is needed." 2022-08-18T00:00:00Z https://fuldok.hebis.de/xmlui/handle/fuldok/852 The role of microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders and suicide Brisch, Ralf; Wojtylak, Szymon; Saniotis, Arthur; Steiner, Johann; Gos, Tomasz; Kumaratilake, Jaliya; Henneberg, Maciej; Wolf, Rainer This narrative review examines the possible role of microglial cells, first, in neuroinflammation and, second, in schizophrenia, depression, and suicide. Recent research on the interactions between microglia, astrocytes and neurons and their involvement in pathophysiological processes of neuropsychiatric disorders is presented. This review focuses on results from postmortem, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies, and animal models of schizophrenia and depression. Third, the effects of antipsychotic and antidepressant drug therapy, and of electroconvulsive therapy on microglial cells are explored and the upcoming development of therapeutic drugs targeting microglia is described. Finally, there is a discussion on the role of microglia in the evolutionary progression of human lineage. This view may contribute to a new understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders. 2021-09-30T00:00:00Z https://fuldok.hebis.de/xmlui/handle/fuldok/853 Die Klassenwiederholung als kritisches Lebensereignis für das Wohlbefinden von Schulkindern an weiterführenden Schulen? Vockert, Theres; Loter, Katharina; Herke, Max; Richter, Matthias; Rathmann, Katharina Hintergrund:In Deutschland erlebt knapp ein Fünftel aller Schulkinder (18,1%) eine Klassenwiederholung, die häufig als kritisches Ereignis wahrgenommen wird. Der Effekt auf das Wohlbefinden wurde bislang kaum untersucht.Fragestellung:Welche Bedeutung hat eine Rückversetzung und Klassenwiederholung für das Wohlbefinden von Schulkindern an weiterführenden Schulen, differenziert nach Schulform sowie Ab- und Aufwärtsmobilität (Schulwechsel an eine Schule mit niedrigerem beziehungsweise höherem Bildungsabschluss)? Material und Methode: Datenbasis bildet die Startkohorte 3 ab Klasse 5 (Welle 1 bis 9, n=3738 aus 280 Schulen) des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS), welche mittels Fixed Effects Regressionen ausgewertet werden. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen kurzfristig negative und mittel- und langfristig positive Effekte der Klassenwiederholung auf das Wohlbefinden von Schulkindern aller Schulformen, mit Ausnahme der Hauptschule. Auch bei Schulkindern, die an eine Schule mit niedrigerem Bildungsabschluss wechselten, zeigt sich eine positive Entwicklung des Wohlbefindens nach einer Klassenwiederholung. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Studie weist darauf hin, dass bei der Entwicklung von Maßnahmen zur Förderung des Wohlbefindens von Klassenwiederholer*innen auf unterschiedliche Schulformen und mögliche Schulformwechsel eingegangen werden sollte. 2021-10-14T00:00:00Z